Count the Number of Characters in a String in Python (without using the len function)

my_string = "Hello World"

count = 0

for _ in my_string:
    count += 1

print(count)

def count_characters(my_string: str) -> int:
    """
    Count the number of characters in a string

    :param my_string: The string you wish to measure
    :return: The number of characters in that string
    """
    count = 0
    for _ in my_string:
        count += 1
    return count


example_string = "Hello World"
print(count_characters(example_string))

import pytest

# Assuming the count_characters function is stored under app.string_operations
from app.string_operations import count_characters


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "input_string, expected_output", [("Hello World", 11), ("12345", 5), ("", 0)]
)
def test_count_characters(input_string, expected_output):
    """
    Test the count_characters function across various strings

    :param input_string: The input string
    :param expected_output: The expected number of characters for that string
    """
    assert count_characters(input_string) == expected_output

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 3 items

test_string_operations.py::test_count_characters[Hello World-11] PASSED  [ '33%']
test_string_operations.py::test_count_characters[12345-5] PASSED         [ '66%']
test_string_operations.py::test_count_characters[-0] PASSED              ['100%']

============================== 3 passed in '0.01s' ==============================